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濕潤燒傷膏治療擠壓傷骨外露一例

2010年-12月-16日 來源:中國燒傷創(chuàng)瘍雜志社
                                                  李清華,侯 強,劉霞,徐西勝,李承存,尚 峰,路艷花
                                                        泰山醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院燒傷科,山東 泰安 271000
      
      【摘要】目的:探討濕潤燒傷膏(MEBO)治療擠壓傷骨外露的效果。方法:患者右足背車輪擠壓傷,足背拇長伸肌腱和趾跖關(guān)節(jié)外露,入院后即進行清創(chuàng)處理,剪除壞死組織,保留有生機的組織,創(chuàng)面外涂MEBO,厚2mm~3mm,每日換藥2~3次,同時臥床抬高患肢,保證創(chuàng)面回流通暢。結(jié)果:用藥2天創(chuàng)面紅腫消退,4天~5天可見創(chuàng)緣肉芽組織生長,12天后骨質(zhì)壞死帶與正常生長帶界限明顯,15天后行壞死骨質(zhì)咬除術(shù)和肉芽組織微粒皮種植術(shù),術(shù)后7天可見微粒皮長出,15天皮片融合,創(chuàng)面封閉。結(jié)論:擠壓傷應(yīng)用MEBO再生療法治療,能改善創(chuàng)面微循環(huán),祛腐生肌,促進創(chuàng)面再生修復(fù),方法簡便易行,效果好。
      【關(guān)鍵詞】再生療法;濕潤燒傷膏;擠壓傷
      【標識符】doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0726.2010.02.029
       A case Report on Treating Bone Exposure caused by Crush Injury with MEBO.LI QING-hua,HOU Qiang,LIU Xia,et al.Burns Department,the Affiliated Hospital of Tai’an Medical College,Tai’an City,Shandong Province,271000,China.
      【Abstract】 Objective:To observe  the clinical effect of treating bone exposure caused by crush injury with MEBO.Method:The patient was admitted with crush injury of right foot back caused by wheels,that resulted in dorsum pollicis longus tendon and toe metatarsal joint exposed.After wound debridement,removal of necrotic tissue and retaining life tissue in vitality,MEBO was applied to the wounds with thickness of 1~2mm,2~3 times per day.At the same time,bed rest and raising affected limb were required to ensure smooth return of blood circulation.Result:Wound redness and swelling subsided can be observed after 2 days of treatment;the growth of granulation tissue on the wound edge can be founded after 4~5 days;a clear boundary between bone necrosis zone and normal growth zone was observed after 12 days;necrosis bone bite surgery and granulation tissue micro-particle skin grafting were carried out after 17 days.On the 7th day after operation,micro-particle skin was observed.The wound was closed by skin fusion on the 15th day. Conclusion:MEBO can improve microcirculation of wound,remove necrosis tissue and promote tissue regeneration and achieve wound regeneration and repair.It has significant effect to treat crush injury with MEBO due to good effect and simple operation.
       【Key words】 Regenerative therapy;MEBO;Crush injury
        擠壓傷是指骨端或身體其他部位受壓迫導(dǎo)致受累部位的肌肉腫脹和/或神經(jīng)失調(diào)。由于局部組織神經(jīng)血管受到損傷,嚴重病例深部肌腱及骨組織出現(xiàn)血運障礙,發(fā)生壞死,亦屬于潰瘍的范疇。傳統(tǒng)的治療方法是采用外科清創(chuàng)減壓,大張皮片移植覆蓋創(chuàng)面治療,但患者痛苦大,花費多,效果不甚滿意。我科收治一例足背車輪擠壓傷患者,應(yīng)用濕潤燒傷膏治療,取得滿意效果,現(xiàn)報告如下:
       1.病例介紹
       
患者,男性,52歲,農(nóng)民。因右足背車輪擠壓傷8天收住入院?;颊咴谵r(nóng)忙時不慎被手扶拖拉機后車輪壓傷右足。傷后被緊急送往本地醫(yī)院,創(chuàng)面簡單清創(chuàng)包扎,以后每日用凡士林油紗換藥治療,選用頭孢他啶和甲硝唑等藥物滴注。治療8天效果欠佳,遂轉(zhuǎn)入我院。體格檢查:T 37.0℃,P 78次/分,R 19次/分,BP 110/70mmHg。??茩z查:創(chuàng)面位于右足背,組織缺損面積約13cm×10cm;創(chuàng)周紅腫明顯,皮膚張力較大,壓之凹陷;創(chuàng)面明顯凹于正常皮膚,足背拇長伸肌腱和趾跖關(guān)節(jié)裸露;創(chuàng)面基底晦暗,無新鮮組織生長,未見明顯異常分泌物。輔助檢查:WBC 7.2×109/L,RBC 4.8×1012/L,HGB 144g/L,GLU 5.84mmol/L;外院右足X光片示:右足第一跖骨基底部見低密度透亮影,第一楔骨足舟骨骨質(zhì)欠完整。
       入院治療:囑患者絕對臥床休息,抬高患肢15°~20°,保證創(chuàng)面回流通暢,減輕創(chuàng)面腫脹,避免患肢用力和創(chuàng)面受壓。創(chuàng)面清創(chuàng),剪除壞死組織,保留有生機的組織。將MEBO均勻涂于創(chuàng)面,藥膜厚度約2mm~3mm,每日用MEBO換藥2~3次。用藥2天后創(chuàng)周腫脹消退;用藥4天~5天后,可見創(chuàng)緣肉芽組織生長,新鮮紅潤,觸之易出血;用藥12天后骨質(zhì)壞死帶與正常生長帶界限漸明顯。于入院第15天行壞死骨質(zhì)咬除術(shù)和肉芽組織微粒皮種植術(shù)。術(shù)后7天可見微粒皮長出,術(shù)后15天皮片融合,創(chuàng)面封閉。
       2.體會
       
擠壓傷運用MEBO進行濕性再生醫(yī)療技術(shù)治療時,其方法與其他創(chuàng)瘍創(chuàng)面處理一樣。清創(chuàng)時要盡量祛除壞死組織,保留有生機組織。創(chuàng)面用藥的原則是:(1)盡早用藥,最好在損傷即時清創(chuàng)涂藥,此時療效最佳。在本病例中,患者傷后在當?shù)蒯t(yī)院治療8天,療效不佳轉(zhuǎn)我院,貽誤最佳治療時機,使創(chuàng)面淤滯帶進行性發(fā)展為壞死帶,形成不可逆性壞死,加深了創(chuàng)面深度。(2)全程用藥,保證創(chuàng)面持久的藥物供應(yīng)。在創(chuàng)面液化期,MEBO用量要足,及時清除創(chuàng)面液化物,剪除松動的壞死組織;在肉芽組織生長期和皮片融合期,MEBO用量要少,避免創(chuàng)面浸漬。(3)不用干燥劑、收斂劑等刺激性藥物涂抹創(chuàng)面。此患者創(chuàng)面白天采用半暴露療法,以便及時補充創(chuàng)面藥物。夜間創(chuàng)面包扎,一方面可以保護創(chuàng)面,另一方面可以使創(chuàng)面維持在一個恒定的溫度,促進創(chuàng)面修復(fù)。(4)在壞死的肌腱和骨質(zhì)與正常組織松動分離時,進行清創(chuàng)。切勿急于求成,避免對機體造成不必要的損傷。在創(chuàng)緣皮片不能爬行封閉創(chuàng)面時,可選用植皮術(shù)。(5)完善必要的檢查,了解患者是否合并糖尿病等其他疾病,以免影響創(chuàng)面愈合。
      【作者簡介】
       李清華(1976~),女(漢族),山東招遠人,泰山醫(yī)學(xué)院畢業(yè),主治醫(yī)師.
       侯 強(1978~),男(漢族),山東泰安人,泰山醫(yī)學(xué)院畢業(yè),主治醫(yī)師.
       劉 霞(1975~),女(漢族),山東泰安人,泰山醫(yī)學(xué)院畢業(yè),護師.